Explain how an atom that was once part of the rat's body could become part of a bird's body.

In the practice of science, this type of reasoning is used to develop explanations.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a serious condition caused by a recessive allele of a gene on the human x chromosome. the patients have muscles that weaken over time because they have absent or decreased dystrophin, a muscle protein. they rarely live past their twenties. how likely is it for a woman to have this condition? a) women can never have this condition. b) one-fourth of the daughters of an affected man would have this condition. c) one-half of the daughters of an affected father and a carrier mother could have this condition. d) only if a woman is xxx could she have this condition.

Scientists discover two populations of mice on either side of a major river. the two populations have almost identical genes but the mice from one side cannot breed with mice from the other. this is most likely because