Explain how scientists use geologic time to determine the age of landforms.

scientists have developed four different methods of determining the age of the earth. By using these methods, or a combination of them, the age of geological formations created by past events and even the fossilized bones of prehistoric animals can be determined.

Based on the research done by scientists, the Geologic Column, a graph that illustrates earth age, was developed. The Column, with its names for the epochs and eras of time, illustrates what scientists think was taking place in earth history. The three primary methods are:

Radiation Measurement

Stratigraphic Superposition

The Fossil Record

From these methods of dating, scientists have determined that the earth as we know it seems to be about 4.6 billion years old. It is theorized that the earth got its start as a result of what is called the "Big Bang nearly 6 billion years ago. The Big Bang theory holds that all the planets, stars, solar systems, galaxies, etc., are the result of a huge explosion that sent material speeding through space. As time passed, the gravitational force of larger chucks of material attracted the smaller chunks and formed the galaxies and solar systems we see today.

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1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation:

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