11.Explain how electron transport chains and electrochemical gradients are used to generate ATP during oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis.
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15 points come and ! which characteristic describes all bacteria? a rod-shaped b microscopic c multicellular d autotrophic

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. researchers have created a robot that has a very thin leg that is moved by cardiac (heart) cells contracting in unison. the robot, made of a polymer similar to that used in making contact lenses, is bathed in heart cells with supporting cells, which then attach to the robot and provide movement as they contract. all of the cardiac cells working together can cause the robot leg to move in a way that individual cells could not. this is an example of a. emergent properties of cells. b. energy flow through an ecosystem. c. adaptation. d. internal environment regulation.

In which layer do organisms on earth love?