smoking impairs cilia because the toxins paralyze and can destroy the cilia. based on this loss of function, explain which types of infections smokers would be more susceptible to.

Which of the following is a cause of a dna mutation? o a. the linking of amino acid subunits into a long chain o b. the transcription of dna into rna o c. an error in the repair of damaged dna d. the diffusion of molecules across the cell membrane submit

This group of organisms perform the process of ammonifcation. a. herbivores b. decomposers c. carnivores c. plants

Choose the incorrect statement (a) the motor end plate membrane is only capable of generating graded potentials, but it is contiguous with the skeletal muscle sarcolemma, which can generate action potentials. (b) propagation of an action potential through the t-tubules into the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggers the release of ca++ into the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber. (c) the generation of suprathreshold endplate potentials in multiple muscle fibers could be due to the increased frequency of action potential generation at the axon hillock of a single motor neuron. (d) a greater amount of ach would be found in the presynaptic vesicles of a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to botulinum toxin, than in a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to the venom of the krait snake (which contains α-bungarotoxin).