1.In some cases humans may consume other animals as food. Sponges are not a good option. Why do you think they are inedible?

Sponges are made of material that is, first of all, hard to eat. Second of all, sponges don't provide many nutrients that would make eating the sponge worth it in the first place

this is math not biology xd

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave