Ruben wants to determine if listening to different types of music will affect a person's pulse. His hypothesis states that if people listen to music, their pulse will increase more than if they listen to other types of sound, such as white noise. Ruben tests his mother, sister, and cousin. He takes each participant's pulse before, during, and after listening to 30 minutes of music, and then repeats the process with 30 minutes of white noise. From the data collected, he concludes that music raises a person's pulse the most. Which characteristic of science is missing from this experiment?

The question is not testable because a person's pulse is affected by other factors.
The phenomenon is not observable because a person's pulse is not measurable.
The experiment is not replicable because the testing conditions are not included.
The results are unreliable because the testing sample of the experiment is too small.

Galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the inability to metabolize galactose, a component of the lactose found in mammalian milk. galactosemia can be partially managed by eliminating dietary intake of lactose and galactose. amanda is healthy, as are her parents, but her brother alonzo has galactosemia. brice has a similar family history. he and his parents are healthy, but his sister brianna has galactosemia. amanda and brice are planning a family and seek genetic counseling. based on the information provided, complete the following activities and answer the questions. a) draw a pedigree that includes amanda, brice, their siblings, and parents. identify the genotype of each person, using g and g to represent the dominant and recessive alleles, respectively. b) what is the probability that amanda is a carrier of the allele for galactosemia? what is the probability that brice is a carrier? explain your reasoning for each answer. c) what is the probability that the first child of amanda and brice will have galactosemia? show your work. d) if the first child has galactosemia, what is the probability that two of the next three children will not have galactosemia? show your work and explain the reasoning for your answer.