Please help me. this is due tomorrow. btw it’s ib biology ‍♀️

1. Which of the flowers are found in unexpected places on the DNA cladogram?

Figwort, Plantain, and Speedwell .

If you look at the cladograms side by side it is clear that Figwort is not as closely related to Foxglove or Speedwell.

The big shock is Plantain, it doesn't even have pretty colourful petals and using DNA evidence it seems to be closely related to Foxglove !

2. What does this mean about the physical features of the flowers?  

Are they homologous structures inherited from a common ancestor?

It makes it much less likely that the petal shapes are inherited from a common ancestor

(unless that ancestor existed a very long time ago).

3. “This is the beginning of an era of great advancement in classification”, said Richard Olmstead. What was he referring to?

The use of DNA sequences to compare species is providing a lot of new evidence which wasn't available before.  Often this is showing that previous evolutionary patterns are not quite correct.  Using this evidence will make classification more precise, and will correct errors in classification from the past.

TOK / NoS point - This is how the scientific method leads to gradual improvements in our knowledge about nature.  

Advancements in science are often associated with new developments in technology.

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave