Students performed an experiment using eggs to observe the effect of osmosis on cells. The egg represented a typical cell. Before beginning the experiment, students soaked the raw eggs overnight in vinegar to remove the shells. What they had in hand, then, was actually a raw, shell-less egg. Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of greater to lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Water moves in and out of cells without any expenditure of cellular energy. Solution concentration can be described in terms of tonicity. Solutions are hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic to cells. A hypertonic is one that has a greater concentration of solute outside the cell and therefore a lower concentration inside the cell. Water will leave the cell and move to the outside environment. This is one reason organisms that live in fresh water cannot survive in salt water, such as the ocean. Water will leave the organism’s cells and eventually the cells will undergo plasmolysis and the organisms will die. An isotonic solution is a balanced solution. That is, the solution concentration is balanced with the solution inside the cell. Finally, when a cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution, concentration of solute is greater inside the cell, concentration of water is greater outside. Water moves into the cell and the cell swells. If enough water enters, the cell can burst. Procedure: Day 1 – Students found the mass in grams of their shelled eggs, recoding the mass in the data table. The eggs were placed in a beaker and covered with 200 mL vinegar to remove the shells. Day 2 – The eggs were removed from the vinegar. Visual observations were recorded. The shell-less eggs were wiped dry, massed, and the mass was recorded in the data table. The eggs were placed in a clean beaker and covered with a 10% salt- water solution. Day 3 – The eggs were removed from the salt water and visual observations were made and recorded. The eggs were wiped dry , massed, and the mass was recorded. The eggs were placed in a clean beaker and covered with Kayro syrup. Day 4 – The eggs were removed from the Kayro syrup and visual observations were made and recorded. The eggs were carefully wiped with a damp cloth, massed, and the mass was recorded. The eggs were placed in a clean beaker and covered with colored (red, green, or blue) distilled water. Day 5 – The eggs were removed from the water and visual observations were made and recorded. The eggs were dried, massed, and the mass was recorded. Students organized their data and made a bar graph comparing how the solutions affected their egg's (cell’s) mass. Data: One student group’s data is recorded here. What methods?producers did the students use to determine if water moved into or out the eggs? What kind of data did they collect?

Consider the diagram below, which represents components of the biosphere. what do the two arrows in the diagram most likely represent? a. radiation b. photosynthesis c. cellular respiration d. energy conversions will give to anyone who answers quickly

Question 1(multiple choice worth 3 points) (06.04 lc) which of the following is true about repetition in an experiment? it involves setting up of a hypothesis. it involves multiple trials. it involves data analysis. it involves peer review. question 2(multiple choice worth 3 points) (06.03 mc) the trait for flower color in a plant has red and white alleles. the red color is the dominant trait. what is the phenotypic ratio for a cross between plants with red (rr) flowers and white (rr) flowers? 4 red : 0 white 3 red : 1 white 2 red : 2 white 0 red : 4 white question 3(multiple choice worth 3 points) (06.01 mc) the following table describes some biotechnological processes. biotechnological processes process description 1 producing offspring that have identical dna as one parent 2 crossing a high-yielding fruit variety with a high-vitamin variety which biotechnological processes are described in the table? both processes describe cloning. both processes describe genetic engineering. process 1 describes cloning and process 2 describes artificial selection. process 1 describes artificial selection and process 2 describes cloning. question 4(multiple choice worth 3 points) (05.04 mc) which of the following adaptations best polar bears walk on snow? furry feet slippery feet small feet white-colored feet question 5(multiple choice worth 3 points) (06.01 hc) a team of scientists altered the dna of e. coli bacteria. the bacteria thus developed had the ability to generate insulin exactly identical to the human insulin molecule. what could be the likely impact of this biotechnology on the individual and the society? the medical costs for insulin-dependent patients would rise. large-scale insulin could be produced in relatively lesser time. the price of insulin available from sources other than bacteria may fall. the patients who take insulin may become infected with e. coli bacteria. question 6(multiple choice worth 3 points) (06.03 lc) which of the following is used to represent a recessive trait in a punnett square? an uppercase letter a lowercase letter a shaded square a shaded circle question 7(multiple choice worth 3 points) (06.03 mc) cystic fibrosis is a recessive gene disorder. the pedigree chart for a family known to have cystic fibrosis is shown below. a half shaded circle is shown connected by a straight line to an unshaded square. underneath the half shaded circle are the letters aa which represent the genotype for the first parent. underneath the second parent the letters, aa, appear representing the genotype for the other parent. below this is another row of circles and squares. this 2nd row represents the offspring. starting from the left a half shaded circle is shown connected to an unshaded square, followed by an unshaded square, and then an unshaded circle. each of the circles and squares, offspring, are connected by a horizontal straight line that connects to the parent group above. the genotype is written under each of the offspring in order from left to right; aa, aa, aa, aa. what percentage of the offspring have observable disease? 0% 25% 50% 75% question 8(multiple choice worth 3 points) (06.03 lc) which of the following is an example of a homozygous recessive allele? rr rr rr rw question 9(multiple choice worth 3 points) (06.03 mc) the pod color in pea plant can be yellow or green. a pea plant with yellow pods (yy) is crossbred with another pea plant with green pods (yy). what is the probability of offspring with green pods? 0% 25% 50% 75% question 10(multiple choice worth 3 points) (06.02 mc) a pea plant has white flowers. it has a genotype pp. which of the following about the gene of flower color in the pea plant is true? the allele for white flowers is dominant in the pea plant. the allele for white flowers is recessive in the pea plant. the plant received both dominant alleles from both the parents. the plant received a dominant and a recessive allele from each parent. the characteristics of certain cell divisions are described in the following table. cell division characteristics characteristic description 1 forms diploid cells 2 creates sex cells, or gametes which type(s) of cell division do the two characteristics represent? both characteristics represent meiosis. both characteristics represent mitosis. characteristic 1 represents meiosis and characteristic 2 represents mitosis. characteristic 1 represents mitosis and characteristic 2 represents meiosis.

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