Mutations can be categorized based on the kind of effect they have on an organism. Blue eyes in humans are a result of a mutation in the OCA2 gene, which controls the production of pigment melanin in the iris. This mutation is an example of a
mutation. Such mutations have
effect on an organism’s survival.

any abiotic or biotic factor in an ecosystem that causes a population's size to slow or decrease is a limiting factor.

the cladogram shown here shows similarities and differences among several classes of vertebrates. anatomically, the four have limb structure as their common ancestor. we might separate the mammals from the other three classes because they a) divergent; do not lay eggs b) identical; are warm-blooded c) varied; a four chambered heart d) homologous; have mammary glands

more words for this could be abiotic and biotic

abiotic: living organisms within an ecosystem

biotic: non-living organisms within an ecosystem