A. According to modern ideas, the first step in the origin of life was
volcanic activity
b. the formation of simple organic molecules
the
presence of
oxygen in Earth's environment
d. the evolution of autotrophic prokaryotes
C. the presence of oxygen in earths environment
D. the evolution of autotrophic prokaryotes

post-impressionism is a predominantly french art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905, from the last impressionist exhibition to the birth of fauvism. post-impressionism emerged as a reaction against impressionists' concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and colour.

explanation:

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus.

this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells. calcium carbonate is strengthened by phosphorus.

explanation:

estuaries are the partially enclosed coastal bodies of brackish water formed at the mouth of sea where river meets an ocean. it is a transition zone between river and sea water so estuaries are influenced to both marine environment such as tides, waves and to riverine such as flow of fresh water and sediments. the mixing of sea and fresh water provide high level of nutrients, making estuaries a high product habitats.

many estuaries suffers degradation from a variety of human activities like erosion from deforestation, overgrazing, overfishing, drainage and eutrophication.

so from the above statement answers will be

1. false as estuaries are formed due to both brackish and freshwater.

2.true, due to high productivity estuaries are breeding ground for many marine species.

3. direct and indirect activities of man that contribute to pollution and deposition of sediments.