So i had these notes from a couple of days ago and I’d like to help u out
Explanation:
Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide enters through the leaf which contains small pours called stomata. The carbon dioxide then enters the cells of the leaf.
Inside the cell carbon dioxide diffuses into the chloroplasts. Where photosynthesis takes place
Chloroplasts use energy from sunlight to transform carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.
The light reactions
Inside chloroplasts there are these flat membranous sacs called thylakoids.
Thylakoids are the place were light energy is converted into chemical energy in the first phase of photosynthesis the light reactions.
Photosystems
Photosystems are large complexes of proteins and chlorophyll (capture light energy)
Electron transport chain
This chain connects the two photosystems.
Electron carrier
These shuttle (transport that is mainly between 2 things going back and forth) electrons from one photosystem to another
Photosystem
One of the photosystems are used to absorb energy which then excites the electrons that then enter the electron transport chain. These electrons are replaced with electrons stripped from water creating oxygen as a byproduct.
The electrons on the chain
The energised electrons are flowing down the electron transport chain releasing energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions
Hydrogen ions
An atom or molecule that has a net electrical charge due to the loss of one loss or one gained electron.
The electrons on the chain
As the hydrogen ions get pumped out they are then absorbed into the thylakoids
In the photosystem on the right light energy excites electrons and this time the electrons are captured by an electron carrier molecule also known as NADPH
The high concentration of hydrogen ions inside the thylakoid powers ATP synthase producing ATPS the light reactions in the thylakoid have produced two products, ATP and NADPH.
Those two products then power the production of sugar in the Calvin cycle
THE CALVIN CYCLE (C3 Cycle)
The Calvin cycle takes place outside the thylakoids in the stroma (the thick fluid of the chloroplast).
At the beginning of the cycle
carbon dioxide molecules combine with molecules called rubp the resulting molecules go through a series of reactions powered by ATP and NADPH from the light reactions sugar molecules known as g3ps are produced.
G3ps
Most of the g3ps molecules are rearranged back into rubp’s that begin the calving cycle again.
The important product
Then some of the left over g3ps is the remaining g3p sugar, some g3ps are used to build glucose which can then combine into starch or even cellulose
Bits of left over g3ps are also able to break down by cellular respiration, which uses oxygen in the plants own mitochondria, this generates ATPS that can power other work of the plant.
The left overs
Excess oxygen diffuses out of the leaf through the pores while more carbon dioxide goes into the leaf pores.
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