XXY in case of Drosophila corresponds to (a) fertile femal (b)fertile male (c) sterile male (d) sterile female

dna damages cause changes in the structure of the genetic material and prevents the replication mechanism from functioning and performing properly. dna damage and mutation have different biological consequences. while most dna damages can undergo dna repair, such repair is not 100% efficient.

heat a spark and oxygen

b c a d mark me

i believe it's c. the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection.

since eventually smaller beaks would have to find another source of food or even eventually just die out from the lack of food.