Compared to ocean crust near deep-sea trenches, crust near ocean ridges is . Select one:

a.
younger

b.
the same age

c.
older

d.
magnetically reversed

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

Even though the ostrich is a flightless bird, ostriches still possess wings that stretch approximately two meters across when fully extended. scientists speculate that when dinosaurs became extinct, some of the birds that lived during that time became land dwellers since they were able to consume the food that the dinosaurs once ate. over time, these species grew larger and heavier. eventually, the ostrich species became too big to fly. the wings found on ostriches are known as a. analogous structures. b. homologous structures. c. vestigial structures. d. symmetrical structures.

During photosynthesis, hydrogen ions are most directly used to in the chloroplast pictured above. a) make glucose b) make chlorophyll c) produce carbon dioxide d) drive the production of atp