A geneticist finds that a strain of bacteria to produces a non-functional sigma factor. Which among the following steps in transcription would most likely be first affected? A. Assembly of RNAP onto the DNA strand

B. Identification and binding of RNAP on to the promoter sequence

C. Conversion of open initiation complex to closed initiation complex

D. Synthesis of RNA after the formation of open initiation complex

Approximately 90% of all cases of polycystic kidney disease are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. the disease is typically related to mutations to genes (pkd1 and pkd2). pkd genes can be found on chromosome 16. the disease occurs in approximately 1: 800 to 1: 1000 people. here is a hypothetical example. the dominant allele d will cause the development of pkd. the recessive allele is known as d. what genotypes would correspond to suffering from pkd? dd, dd what genotypes would correspond to being normal (not suffering from pkd)? dd consider that 1: 1,000 people have pkd in your population of 325million. consider that pkd is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. show you math for all of the following questions: what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is p? what is q? how many people in your population would have pkd?

Study the picture of the ocean. which is the best example of an organism’s niche shown in the picture? a. the environment contains several of the same species of coral. b. the shallow area of the ocean meets the needs of the coral and the fish. c. the ocean has fish and coral that live in the same area. d. the coral take in food from the water and provide shelter for the fish.

When the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants in the water dissolves in the water, which of these is being formed?