A geneticist finds that a strain of bacteria to produces a non-functional sigma factor. Which among the following steps in transcription would most likely be first affected?

A. Assembly of RNAP onto the DNA strand

B. Identification and binding of RNAP on to the promoter sequence

C. Conversion of open initiation complex to
closed initiation complex

D. Synthesis of RNA after the formation of open initiation complex

Plz ! a frog has a genetic mutation in skin cells that causes part of its skin to turn orange the frog will not pass this genetic mutation onto its offspring because, a. the offspring will inherit skin cells from the other parent. b. mutated skin cells cannot divide and produce daughter skin cells. c. skin cells do not contribute genetic material to sex cells. d. parents do not contribute genetic material to their offspring.

Both male and female gametes are created during the process of meiosis. the formation of male gametes is called spermatogenesis. after telophase il of spermatogenesis, there would be are all genetically male gametes created that

Where is most of the fresh water on earth found a in the ocean b in glaciers and in ice caps c in rivers d in the soil