Identify the source of knowledge deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning , or the scientific approach most prominently used in the following examples: a. After extensive observation of reactions, Lavoisier concluded that combustion is a process in which a burning substance combines with oxygen. His work wasthe death blow to the old phlogiston theory of burning.
b. Dalton, after much reflection, concluded that matter must consist ofsmall particles called
atoms. His early assumptions became the basis for the atomic theory.
c. Later scientists took Dalton’s assumptions, made deductions from them, and proceeded to gather data that confirmed these assumptions. They found support for theatomic theory.
d. Knowing that radioactive substances constantly give off particles ofenergy without apparently reducing their mass, Einstein developed the formula E=mc2 forconverting matter into energy.
e. Accepting Einstein’s theory, Fermi carried on experimentation thatresulted in splitting the atom.
f. After studying reinforcement theory, a teacher hypothesizes that using atutorial computer program will lead to superior achievement in arithmetic. She devises a studyin which the tutorial is used with two sixth-grade classes, whereas conventional materials areused with two other sixth-grade classes.