Question in the picture

The double bond between a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms (a molecule of carbon dioxide) has two characteristics. what are they? a. an ionic bond is formed between the oxygen and carbon atoms. b. four valence electrons are shared. c. two valence electrons are shared. d. valence electrons are shared between oxygen atoms.

According to theories of how life began, how did early organic molecules begin to separate from the outside world? a: specialized enzymes were required b: chains of amino acids created a barrier c: formation of microspheres or vesicles d: rna catalyzed the formation of membranes

The direct energy source that drives atp synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is