Gonorrhoea is a bacterial disease. A new vaccine is being developed against gonorrhoea. Describe how a vaccine would work to prevent gonorrhoea.[4 marks]

air enters through the nose, moves through the nasal cavity, the pharynx, the larynx, enters the trachea, moves through the bronchi andbronchioles till the alveoli.

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).