The answer to this question

- Spores occur underneath the leaves - PTERIDOPHYTES

- cones contain the seeds - GYMNOSPERMS

- absorbs nutrients through diffusion and osmosis - BRYOPHYTES

- ovary encases the seeds - ANGIOSPERMS

Explanation:

Plants are a very diverse group of living organisms. Each plant group has its own unique characteristics that distinguishes it from other groups. Bryophytes and pteridophytes are considered as lower plants because of their primitive features while gymnosperms and angiosperms are considered as higher plants because of their advanced features. The prominent characteristics of each plant group according to this question is as follows:

- PTERIDOPHYTES produce spores underneath their leaves.

- BRYOPHYTES absorbs nutrients through diffusion and osmosis since they lack true roots, stems and vascular tissues.

- GYMNOSPERMS bear their naked seeds on structures called cones or strobili.

- ANGIOSPERMS encases their seeds in ovaries of their flowers, which later develops into fruits.

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave