How are species richness and productivity related?

Recent studies have examined the possibility that variation in species richness within communities may influence productivity leading to an exploration of the relative effect of alterations in species number per se as contrasted to the addition of productive species.

Explanation:

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the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.

oceans

indian ocean

pacific ocean

atlantic ocean

arctic ocean

southern ocean