g in sickle cell anemia, there is a mutation in the beta subunit of hemoglobin where a glutamic acid is replaced with valine. How would that change affect the molecule

Answer and explanation:

Sickle cell anemia is a type of anemia that occurs because of a mutation in the HBB gene, which codifies for the beta subunit of hemoglobin, producing an abnormal beta-globin called Hemoglobin S o HbS. This anomalous beta subunit is a product of the replacement of the amino acid glutamic acid by the amino acid valine at position 6, resulting in a beta-globin that forms a long and rigid molecule turning red blood cells shape into a sickle one, condemning erythrocytes to a premature death (which will cause the anemia). Another complication patients with sickle cell anemia can have is the blocking of blood vessels because of the abnormal and rigid shape of their red blood cells.

poor water quality affects most estuarine organisms, including commercially important fish and shellfish. the pollutants that have the greatest impact on the health of estuaries include toxic substances like chemicals and heavy metals, nutrient pollution (or eutrophication), and pathogens such as bacteria or viruses.

before, trains worked using the steam engine. thus, it uses heat so it is crucial to apply heat balance. the steam engine absorbs energy during the stage of boiling water. so, this is the endothermic reaction. when the steam is used to work the piston, it has to release this energy through running the train. the excess energy is released as an exhaust to the chimney. this is the exothermic process because it releases energy to the surroundings.