Facilitated diffusion requires A. a protein pump, energy, and a concentration gradient.

B. no energy, net osmotic movement, and a protein pump.

C. a concentration gradient, a protein channel, and no energy.

A.

Explanation:

means that the net movement of particles (molecules) is from an area of high concentration to low concentration.Graph of the simple and facilitated diffusion taking into account the rate of uptake and the concentrationIf the particles can move through the lipid bilayer by simple diffusion, then there is no limit to the number that can fit through the membrane. The rate of diffusion increases linearly as we add more particles to one side of the membrane.If the particles can only pass through protein channels, then the rate of diffusion is determined by the number of channels as well as the number of particles.Once the channels operate at their maximal rate, a further increase in particle numbers no longer increases the apparent rate of diffusion. At this limited rate we describe the protein channel as being saturated.The cartoon illustrates several points about facilitated diffusion. The particles are more concentrated on one side of the membrane, and yet they can move in both directions. However, the net movement is from high particle concentration to low. If the number of particles gets so high on one side of the membrane that they interfere with diffusion through the protein channel, then we observe a limit to the rate of diffusion at the point of saturation.Illustration of facilitated diffusionanimation used with permission of the Virtual Cell Web PageProblem 7 | Answer | Problem 8The Biology Project > Cell Biology > Cell Membranes > Problem SetThe Biology ProjectDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsUniversity of ArizonaMay 2002Revised: August 2004Contact the Development TeamSimple diffusion does not require energy: facilitated diffusion requires a source of ATP. Simple diffusion can only move material in the direction of a concentration gradient; facilitated diffusion moves materials with and against a concertion gradient.