A thermal process is being used to reduce the microbial population on product contact surfaces of the packages needed for aseptic packaging of the liquid product. The spoilage microorganism has a D121 = 10 min and a z = 8°C. The microbial population on the surface is 100 per cm2 and the product contact surface area is 8 cm2 for each package. A 9D process has been recommended. a. Determine the process time for the containers at 140°C.

b. Estimate the number of containers with spoilage based on survivors on the package surface when 10 million packages have been filled.

If these are the missing choices: a. to determine skin temperature, place the back of your hand against the patient's skin.b. determine body temperature by touching the patient's hands and feet.c. skin temperature will tell you very little about this patient's condition or well-being.d. the patient's skin temperature and color will likely be warm and red.my answer is: a. to determine skin temperature, place the back of your hand against the patient's skin. using the back of the hand to check for temperature rather than the palm is more effective because the back of the hand has more nerves that can feel and transmit the temperature than the palm.

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