The HEXA gene codes for a protein that breaks down and recycles toxic substances in our brain and spinal cord. Mutations in the HEXA gene lead to Tay-Sachs disease. This is a disorder in which the level of toxic substances builds in the brain and spinal cord, leading to severe brain damage and eventually death. In many patients with Tay-Sachs, an insertion of four base pairs is seen in the HEXA gene. In general terms, explain how this insertion impacts the protein that is produced.

energy and particles

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.