BE SURE TO REPLACE ANY INCORRECT EXAMPLE and add information where necessary Darwin is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, first presented in 1801 (Darwin's first book dealing with natural selection was published in 1859):Based on these observations and inferences, Darwin concluded that these traits, called adaptations were the product of evolution by Acquired Traits, these traits made the members of the population who had them equally fit for survival. an organism could also change during their lifetime in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring. For example, darwin believed that if giraffes stretched their necks to reach food, Their offspring and later generations would inherit the resulting long necks.