1. Energy from the Sun drives wind movements on Earth. 2. Frequent changes in temperature can cause cracks to form in rock formations.
3. Changes in species can be seen in fossils trapped in sedimentary rock.
4. Earth’s oceans absorb much of the energy received from the Sun.
A. Oceanography
B. Meteorology
C. Geology
D. Biology
E. Astronomy

the right option is; decreased genetic variation  

decreased genetic variation describes the effect of this environmental change.

genetic variation is the naturally occurring genetic diversities or differences between organisms of the same species in a population. genetic variation allows the survival and adaptability of a species when they encounter changing environmental conditions. when an endangered species reduces, it loses genetic variation which may not be restored even if the species rebound and will only be recovered through the gradual collection of mutations over many years.

sounds like the answer you're looking for is spores.