Dogs will often turn their heads or bodies and/or exhibit behaviors such as yawning and licking as a way to calm or diffuse aggessive situations. these actions are often referred to as signals.

a. cutoff
b. submission
c. fight or flight
d. subordination

The correct option is B.
The signals which dogs gives when giving in to another dog is called submission signals. Submission actions of dogs include: lowering of the head, partial closure of the eyes, rolling on the back and exposing the belly, holding the tail low or tucking it between its legs. These signals tell the other dog that the dog exhibiting these action is submitting to it.

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