The bacteria vibrio vulnificus is sometimes released into the ocean by sewage pollution. this small bacterium is often eaten by filter feeders, such as oysters. what impact would you expect this to have on individuals that consumed oysters which had fed on the bacteria?

a.) the bacteria would have a negative impact on the oysters but is harmless to humans.
b.) the bacteria could cause infections in people who consume contaminated shellfish.
c.) the bacteria could cause infections in people who do not have strong enough immune systems to fight off the bacteria, which could then be transmitted person to person.
d.) the bacteria would not cause infections in any people because our immune systems are strong enough to fight off the bacteria.

In a cross between individuals of a species of tropical fish, all of the male offspring have long tail fins, and none of the females possess the trait. mating two of the f1 fish fails to produce females with the trait. explain the inheritance pattern of the trait.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

How can an organ, such as the lungs, work for multiple body systems?