Q1.23: what was the last name of the scientist whose experiment debunked vitalism?

It was Stanley Miller. He utilized electrical charges and chemicals from the environment to make amino acids. 
The Miller-Urey test was quickly perceived as a critical achievement in the investigation of the starting point of life. It was gotten as affirmation that few of the key atoms of life could have been integrated on the primitive Earth in the sort of conditions visualized by Oparin and Haldane.

Might need you in a few weeks c: