Protists use cilia to move within their habitat, but ciliated human cells like those in the bronchi are always anchored to one another and to an extracellular matrix; what benefit does cilia provide these cells?

Mouse liver cells were homogenized and the homogenate subjected to equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation with sucrose gradients. fractions obtained from these gradients were assayed for marker molecules (i. e., molecules that are limited to specific organelles). the results of these assays are shown in the figure. the marker molecules have the following functions: cytochrome oxidase is an enzyme involved in the process by which atp is formed in the complete aerobic degradation of glucose or fatty acids; ribosomal rna forms part of the protein-synthesizing ribosomes; catalase catalyzes decomposition of hydrogen peroxide; acid phosphatase hydrolysis monophosphoric esters at acid ph; cytidylyltransferase is involved in phospholipid biosynthesis; and amino acid permease aids in transport of amino acids across membranes. a) name the marker molecule and give the number of the fraction that is most enriched for each of the following cell components: lysosomes; peroxisomes; mitochondria; plasma membrane; rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

How many chromosomes does each human cell contain? a. 23 chromosomes b. 26 chromosomes c. 43 chromosomes d. 46 chromosomes

There are multiple lines of evidence that provide support for common ancestry and evolution. write 3-4 paragraphs describing at least three of them in detail. provide at least one example for each line of evidence.