How does a coral reef environment follow the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy? it is said that only about 10% of stored energy is transferred between trophic levels of the ecosystem.

The law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy dictates that the total mass and energy in a given system remain constant. If we consider a coral reef to be the system, we see that all of the nutrients that the coral absorb for growth and maintenance are used within the coral's body, and are never actually "lost". 
Moreover, the energy that is absorbed by the coral is passed to the next trophic level of organisms when they eat the coral, and the amount is 10%, as stated. However, this is not the only direction the energy travels. The energy also is used in growth and other processes within the coral's body, and is therefore conserved.

Atp is is our little "pocket" of energy. of course, if you have too little, then it means you have too little energy, and you'll pass out. the way to not have enough, is to have no energy sources (glucose, fats, proteins). you can't have too many atp molecules. cycles like the krebs cycle produce it, but if you have too much of any substrate (or too little for that matter), the cycle stops and atp is no longer made (it stops until substrate levels are such that the process can go on). in any case, this is unlikely since atp is constantly hydrolyzed and remade, even while you're asleep. you won't have too much. if you have zero, you are dead or dying.