In the history of astronomy, which of the following is true?
johannes kepler was a student of tycho brahe.
galileo galilei built one of the first observatories.
ptolemy argued that the sun was the center of the universe.
isaac newton was criticized for his work on the geocentric model.

Johannes Kepler was a student of Tycho Brahe.

Explanation:

Johannes Kepler joined the wealthy astronomer Tycho Brahe as a student as assistant. After the death of Brahe, Kepler used his observations data and based on it formulated the three laws of planetary motion. Galileo described the heliocentric model with planets revolving about the Sun in circular orbits which was corrected by Kepler. He corrected that the orbits are elliptical.

Ptolemy believed in geocentric model, according to which Earth is at the center of the universe. Galileo did not built observatory. Issac Newton believed in heliocentric model of the universe.

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explanation:

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emerging idea only occurs as a raw idea that could appear out of nowhere. meanwhile, to reach scientific consensus , that idea must be structured and tested over and over again through various experiments. the scientific consensus transforms the raw idea into idea that is more reliable through the process of scientific elimination.