Immunoglobulins that are formed to act against foreign cells or substances are called:

Antibodies are the Immunoglobulins that are formed to act against foreign cells or substances. Antibodies are produced by B- lymphocytes against the antigens that come from outside the body.

The encounter of antigen with B- cells actives the B-cells which then converts into memory B-cell and plasma B-cell. Memory B-cell allows the recognition of antigen after its second exposure in the body and initiates rapid response by activating B and T cells.

Plasma B-cells produce lots of antibodies which have antigen-binding site and binds to the epitope of the antigen and helps in killing the antigen by making the antigen recognized by phagocytic cells. The phagocytic cells engulf the antigen-antibody complex and destroys the pathogen.

for  example, forests have higher evapotranspiration than other ecosystems,  such  as grasslands, because of their deeper roots and greater leaf area. thus forests have a net moistening effect on the atmosphere and become a moisture source for downwind ecosystems.

the menstrual cycle – higher tier. negative feedback mechanisms affect the production of hormones in the menstrual cycle. oestrogen also stimulates the release of lh (luteinising hormone) from the pituitary gland, which in turn controls the production of progesterone.