Plants have specialized structures that perform their necessary life functions. what function is performed by the phloem? a. food transport c. water transport b. heat production d. waste transport

All but one describes an effect of aging on the digestive system. a) decreased acid secretion b) decreased elasticity of stomach c) capacity to resist damage decreases d) food remains in stomach for less time

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

In which of the following relationships is one organism always benefited while the other organism is always harmed