Components grouped together for a particular function form a system. natural non-living living

According to the theory of punctuated equilibrium, at what rate does speciation occur? species change depending on the rate of natural selection. after periods of stasis, new species evolve relatively rapidly. species change slowly and eventually form new species. some species change quickly and others change slowly to balance the overall rate.

An easy way to calculate the amount of energy available at each level is to what?

Which mechanism of transport takes place when solute particles move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration? active diffusion isotonic osmosis