Describe how heredity can be illustrated mathematically

Heredity can be illustrated mathematically through the use of Punnets squares. Punnet squares give results as frequencies, probabilities of dominance of traits/characteristics  and the likes. The frequencies given are the to be calculated as to how many times the certain trait/characteristic occurs. It is also illustrated through the use of ratio, for instance, 3:5:1.

They formed the oceans.  as they melted water was formed and the water made the oceans