Mammals and birds have four-chambered hearts and fully divided pulmonary and systemic circulations. the circulatory systems of reptiles and amphibians are sometimes presented as “inferior” because pulmonary and systemic circulations are not completely separate. what might be an advantage to incompletely separated circuits in these organisms?

Based on the given description above regarding birds and mammals that possess four-chambered hearts with fully divided pulmonary and systemic circulations, what makes the incomplete separation of circuits in these organisms advantageous is that the distribution of the blood flow can be adjusted whether the organism is breathing through its lungs or not. Hope this helps.

The return of the wolf to yellowstone national park will probably affect the bird population to some degree, not significantly. while wolves will hunt birds when necessary, they prefer to hunt larger prey. the bird population will most likely only be affected when hunting is scarce for the wolves. birds of prey will also probably not be affected as much as other birds who spend more time on the ground hunting for food as the tend to spend more time in the air or in trees since they do not need to stay on the ground for long due to the nature of the way they hunt.