Explain three ways a proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene can lead to cancer.

Proto-oncogenes signal cells to grow and differentiate. However, they can become oncogenes due to mutations which result in the uncontrollable division of the cells, i.e. cancer. One way is a point mutation in a proto-oncogene. The consequence is changed protein product. Another way is gene amplification of DNA segment containing a proto-oncogene. As the result, the encoded protein is overexpressed. The third way is translocation. As the result of translocation, proto-oncogene can be controlled by the different promoter and expressed inappropriately.

as the gila monster consumes the eggs or young of the desert cottontail and gambel's quail, thus its main food supply is only accessible for a restricted time duration every year. however, for this, the gila monsters exhibit three adaptations, which elevate their survival rate in the desert condition.  

first, is that they possess huge bodies, and can consume greater concentrations of food during a small period. secondly, they require to feed infrequently as they can accumulate fat in their tails. ultimately, their rate of metabolism is very low, so that they can burn their reservoirs of fat gradually.