Waves in shallow water become bent and begin to run parallel to the shoreline, a process known as refraction erosion reflection oscillation

desert perennials often survive by remaining dormant during dry periods of the year, then springing to life when water becomes available. most annual desert plants germinate only after heavy seasonal rain, then complete their reproductive cycle very quickly.

the most common type of reef is the fringing reef. this type of reef grows seaward directly from the shore. they form borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands.