How could you determine the best concentration of solutes to give to a patient in need of iv fluids before you introduce the fluids into the patient's body?

You would consider the route of administration, for sure. Is the fluid going to be introduced orally? Through an IV line? Knowing the patient's current fluid and electrolyte levels in their blood would be highly helpful. If you put hypertonic solutions in the the body orally, water will be shifted from the circulatory system into the bowel. This may help someone with fluid overload in their blood to remove some of the water from their blood. It would also help to add water to the stool in the digestive system and act as a laxative. (Osmotic saline laxatives work in this manner. If you put hypertonic solutions in an IV you will pull fluids from the interstitial space between cells as well as from the bowels to the circulatory system. This would help reduce edema. If you put hypotonic solutions in the body orally, water will shift from the digestive system to the circulatory system (and will also dilute electrolytes in the circulatory system). This method may be used to reduce electrolyte concentrations in the blood, and to hydrate the circulatory system in general. If you put hypotonic solutions in an IV you would dilute electrolytes in the circulatory system and would shift fluid to the interstitial space between cells. Isotonic is probably the best way to go if you don't want to shift fluids or change electrolyte concentrations in the circulatory / digestive system. 0.9% saline would be an example of this, and is generally the most widely-used solution for basic rehydrating someone through an IV.

Environmental science studies the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, including their effects on all types of organisms. earth science (also known as geoscience), is an inclusive term for all sciences related to earth (geology, meteorology, oceanogr maphy, etc).  although environmental and earth science cover essentially the same material, environmental science places greater emphasis on the biological realm, while earth science places greater emphasis on the physical realm.    environmental and earth science study the interactions of four major systems or “spheres” (figure 8.6).  the  geosphere  consists of the core, mantle and crust of the earth.the  atmosphere  contains all of the earth’s air and is divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere.the  hydrosphere  contains all of the solid, liquid and gaseous water on earth, extending from the depths of the sea to the upper reaches of the troposphere where water is found.  ninety-seven percent of the hydrosphere is found in salty oceans, and the remainder is found as vapor or droplets in the atmosphere and as liquid in ground water, lakes, rivers, glaciers and snowfields.  the  biosphere  is the collection of all earth’s life forms, distributed in major life zones known as biomes:   tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, desert, savannah, tropical rainforest, chaparral, freshwater, and marine.although the four systems have their unique identities, there is substantial interaction between them.  environmental scientists study the effects of events in one sphere on the other spheres. for example, a volcanic eruption in the geosphere may cause profound direct and indirect effects on the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere as follows: example 1 (volcano)    on may 18, 1980, mount saint helens, in the state of washington, erupted.  this event altered the surrounding environment, and provided scientists with an opportunity to study the effects of volcanic eruptions on the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.  such studies are vital because volcanic eruptions will continue to occur, and will have increasing impact on humans as people continue to settle lands closer to dormant volcanoes. the following are but a few of the myriad of interactions resulting from a volcanic 

The type of rock she find is a sediment rock