What is meant by homologous chromosomes?
chromosomes are found in pairs
the gene's alleles are found in matched chromosome pairs
all chromosomes contain the same genes
each homologous chromosome has identical genotypes

Chromosomes are found in pairs

Explanation:

Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs similar in lenght, gene positioning and centromere location but non-identical. They are donated by each parent (make and female). They are non-identical in the sense that the alleles on each pair may be different. For example, the chromosome donated by a female pea plant may contain a yellow allele for a particular gene while that donated by the male pea plant may contain a green allele.

A karyotype (a pictorial display of chromosomal arrangement) shows that in a diploid organism like humans, chromosomes are in two complete sets. Each human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes in which every chromosome pair represents a set of homologous chromosomes.

In each pair of chromosome, one chromosome is contributed by the male parent while the other by the female parent. In total, each parent contributes 23 chromosomes via gametes to form a total of 23pairs or 46chromosomes.

explanation:

b,bacteria convert nitrates

into nitrogen gas.

d,plants and animals take in

and use nitrogen compounds.

e,bacteria break down waste    

products and return nitrogen  

to the soil.

a,bacteria convert atmospheric

nitrogen to ammonia.

c,bacteria convert ammonia

to nitrites and nitrates.

regents of the university of california v. bakke, 438 u.s. 265 (1978), was a landmark decision by the supreme court of the united states. it upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.