What do gradualism and punctuated equilibrium have in common?
a. they are both explanations of the rate of evolutionary change.
b. they are both explanations that were put forth by darwin.
c. they both discredit the theory of evolution.
d. they both utilize radioactive dating over relative dating.

The correct answer will be option-A.

Explanation:

The gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are the mechanisms which explain the process of evolution of species through speciation or the formation of species.  

Both the concepts explain the rate of changes that take place in a population as the process of gradualism explains the slow rate of speciation while punctuated equilibrium explains the sudden rate of evolutionary changes taking place in any population.

Thus, option-A is the correct answer.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.