What makes some genes responsible for an increased risk of certain cancers?

Explanation:

Some genes are responsible for controlling important cellular processes such as cell growth and cell proliferation. When these genes, called oncogenes, contain a mutation that increases their expression, the cell will grow or divide uncontrollably, increasing the risk of developing a cancer.

On the other hand, there are other genes called tumor supressor genes. They are in charge, among other things, of analyzing the genome and making sure the DNA is not damaged and that the cell is in optimal conditions to enter mitosis. If those conditions are not met, the proteins coded by these genes will stop the cell cycle or repair the DNA. If the tumor supressor genes are mutated, the proteins cannot function properly and the cell might keep on dividing even with damaged DNA, so more mutations will accumulate in every  cell cycle, increasing the risk of developing cancer.

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