Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling) which involves

Apatient is in need of hydration. which type of solution are the patient's cells most likely in?

In 1959, doctors began using the powerful antibiotic methicillin to treat infections of staphylococcus aureus, but within two years, methicillin-resistant strains of s. aureus (mrsa) appeared. how did the resistant strains of s. aureus emerge? in 1959, doctors began using the powerful antibiotic methicillin to treat infections of staphylococcus aureus, but within two years, methicillin-resistant strains of s. aureus (mrsa) appeared. how did the resistant strains of s. aureus emerge? staphylococcus aureus bacteria that were able to synthesize cell walls using a protein that was not affected by methicillin survived the methicillin treatments and reproduced at higher rates than did other individuals. over time, these resistant individuals became increasingly common. in response to treatment of staphylococcus aureus infections with methicillin, some bacteria began to synthesize cell walls using a protein that was not affected by methicillin. these bacteria survived the methicillin treatments and reproduced at higher rates than did other individuals. over time, these resistant individuals became increasingly common. in response to treatment of staphylococcus aureus infections with methicillin, bacterial populations gradually began to synthesize cell walls using a protein that was not affected by methicillin.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).