The first electrons to be excited by light energy are found in

The first electrons to be excited by light energy are found in Photosystem II (PSII). It is a specialized protein complex that captures the energy from sunlight and uses it to extract electrons from water molecules.Light is absorbed by chlorophyll, carotenoid and phycobilin pigments in the antenna regions. The excitation energy is rapidly transferred to the reaction centre domain.

correct answer is option a.

tropopause, stratopause and mesopause have all in common aspect that is point of maximum temperature in its layer of the atmosphere. all layers of atmosphere observe abrupt change in temperature. tropopause is the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere. stratopause is the boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere. mesopause is the boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere. these all boundaries are ranges between altitude of 0 to 80 km.

d) center of the mid-ocean ridge

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