Question from campbell biology chapter 16:
51) what is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of dna molecules are synthesized?
a) the origins of replication occur only at the 5' end.
b) helicases and single-strand binding proteins work at the 5' end.
c) dna polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end of a growing strand.
d) dna ligase works only in the 3' → 5' direction.
e) polymerase can work on only one strand at a time.

from my research i have to the conclusion that decomposers, such as fungi, bacteria and invertebrates, play a critical role in nutrient cycling and without them the earth's ecosystem may not support life as we know it. elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus exist in limited amounts on earth, although huge amounts of carbon are being released into the atmosphere from underground sources now by humans. it is still extremely important that other nutrients be retained by the process of re-use. decomposers are organisms that are able to chemically break down dead material and make these elements available for use by other organisms. without this breakdown of dead material, dead bodies would pile up. so decomposers also play a role in clean up also. without them, life might not continue as we know it and dead material would overwhelm the earth.    

small, big, or no change could occur in the phenotype. it could cause something as simple as a cats ears to curl backwards or something as frighting as death. it could also occur in the protien-coding area and have an effect on that but no effect on the amino acids. what has to occur is a changing in the hox gene or the control gene.