Mangrove forests were traditionally viewed as a. unproductive wastelands b. valuable fish habitats c. an erosion preventing habitat d. pollution filters

Mangrove forests were traditionally viewed as A. unproductive wastelands. People therefore reasoned that their removal would improve the health of their ecosystems, leading to their degradation. 

Because the earth is not round ,but it may seem round when viewed from ,our planet but true some points earth is not round was an oblate spheroid -a square that it squashed as globe however is not even a perfect oblate spheroid.in fact isaac newton's first proposed that earth was not perfectly round but it was an oblate spheroid instead.that mean a square that is squashed as its poles and swollen at the