Which of the following are TRUE? Select one or more:
a. Steroid hormones dock to a receptor on the surface of a cell and are then carried
deep into the cell
O b. Paracrine hormones affect cells adjacent to the cells releasing the hormone
O c. Neurosecretory hormones are released by regular neurons and travel far distances
in the blood stream
d. Glands are tissues that express the gene for synthesizing the hormone
e. Non-steroidal, protein-based hormones bind to hormone receptors on the cell
membrane of a target cell

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.