Complete the following sentences that describe glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in both fed and resting states. After a meal the body is in a fed state, which stimulates the pancreas to secrete the hormone insulin . The plasma membrane receptor on the liver binds to this hormone and activates a signaling pathway that results in the dephosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme. This event causes a(n) increase in the concentration level of the fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP). This new concentration of F-2,6-BP activates the glycolysis pathway. In a fasting state, the pancreas secretes the hormone glucagon . The plasma membrane receptor on the liver binds to this hormone and activates a signaling pathway that results in the phosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme. This event causes a(n) decrease in the concentration level of F-2,6-BP. This new concentration level of F-2,6-BP. activates the gluconeogenesis pathway, by allowing inhibition of the reciprocal reaction.

Fed state - Insulin; dephosphorylation; increase; glycolysis

Fasting state - Glucagon; phosphorylation; decrease; gluconeogenesis

Explanation:

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is an allosteric regulator of the enzymes phosphofructokinase-1 and fructose1,6-bisphosphatase-1 which are involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis respectively.

After a meal the body is in a fed state, which stimulates the pancreas to secrete the hormone insulin . The plasma membrane receptor on the liver binds to this hormone and activates a signaling pathway that results in the dephosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme, phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. This event causes a(n) increase in the concentration level of the fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP). This new concentration of F-2,6-BP activates the glycolysis pathway.

In a fasting state, the pancreas secretes the hormone glucagon . The plasma membrane receptor on the liver binds to this hormone and activates a signaling pathway that results in the phosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. This event causes a(n) decrease in the concentration level of F-2,6-BP. This new concentration level of F-2,6-BP. activates the gluconeogenesis pathway, by allowing inhibition of the reciprocal reaction.

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.