The construction of wind farms has affected the migratory patterns of some bird populations. bird populations have been noted to no longer increase and sometimes even decrease in these areas. what is this known as?
a)a density-dependent limiting factor
b)a population-independent factor
c)a density-independent limiting factor

C: Density independent limiting factor

Explanation:

Population limiting factors are biotic or abiotic factors that lower the growth rate of a population and keep it below or around the carrying capacity of the environment.

Limiting factors of population can be grossly categorized into two:

Density dependent factors are those whose effects vary according to the number of individuals in a population. Examples include food availability, disease outbreak, etc

Density independent factors are the population factors whose effects do not not vary with the number of individuals in a population. Examples include natural disasters like earthquake. tornadoes, etc.

In this particular case, the construction of wind farms exerts its effect on the population of birds that migrate into the area. The effect would have remain the same irrespective of the population size of the bird in the area - a clear case of density-independent limiting factor.

The answer is C.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.